Daniel Chamberlain

Tree Care Terminology Explained: Tree topping vs pruning vs reduction vs crown thinning

There’s a lot of lingo in our industry. As Arborists we might refer to a certain practice, but to the layman they might call it something else. Here’s a breakdown of some tree care terminology. 

Let’s start with “Tree Topping”

Is that an official term? Not in the arboriculture industry.

It’s a casual term that describes the practice of cutting back large branches to stubs, often considered harmful and outdated.

Tree Surgeon – Most common in places like Australia and UK.  For the most part, ‘Arborist’ = ‘tree care professional’ = ‘tree surgeon’.

ISA Arborist – An arborist certified by the International Society of Arboriculture,  trained and knowledgeable in a variety of aspects of arboriculture.

Tree Pruning – The selective removal of tree branches to improve structure, health, or aesthetics.

Crown Cleaning – Removing dead, dying, or diseased branches from the crown of the tree.

Crown Thinning – The selective removal of branches to reduce density, improve light penetration, and enhance airflow.

Crown Raising – Removing the lower branches to increase clearance beneath the tree for pedestrians, vehicles, or views.

Crown Reduction – Reducing the height or spread of the tree by cutting back to lateral branches while maintaining the tree’s shape.

Crown Restoration – Restoring the structure of a tree that has been poorly pruned or damaged.

Clearance pruning – similar to crown raising and safety pruning. It’s a type of tree pruning that involves reducing branches to provide clearance from buildings, electrical wires, neighbouring trees, and other structures.

Directional Pruning – Goes hand and hand with clearance pruning. Pruning branches to direct future growth away from structures, power lines, or other areas.

Structural Pruning – Developing a strong central leader and improving branch spacing, typically for young trees.

Reduction Pruning – closely related to Crown Reduction. A technique to reduce tree height or spread while preserving its natural form and structural integrity.

Pollarding – A pruning technique that involves cutting back the tree to the same points repeatedly, encouraging dense regrowth.

Vista Pruning (or View enhancement pruning) – Pruning to create or maintain a specific view.

Deadwooding – The removal of dead or dying branches for safety and tree health.

Cabling and Bracing – Installing hardware to support weak branches or trees at risk of structural failure.

Safety pruning – or risk mitigation pruning, focuses on identifying and eliminating dead, dying, or hazardous branches

Check out these other resources

Is diy tree pruning a good idea?

Winter tree care tips

Need support managing your trees?

Learn more about how Advantage Tree Care can help with Tree pruning services in Victoria.

Identifying and Managing Tree Diseases in Victoria, BC

As a homeowner in Victoria, BC, understanding and addressing tree diseases is crucial for maintaining a healthy urban forest. At Advantage Tree Care, we’ve seen firsthand how early detection and proper management can save trees and preserve our city’s natural beauty. Here’s what you need to know about common tree diseases in our area.

Common Tree Diseases in Victoria, BC

Victoria’s wet, temperate climate makes trees vulnerable to several diseases. These ailments can affect leaves, bark, roots, and overall tree structure, often reducing their health and lifespan. Below are some of the most common diseases seen in the region, with symptoms and examples of how we’ve helped local trees recover.

1. Anthracnose

A fungal disease that thrives in damp conditions, anthracnose causes leaf discoloration and defoliation, primarily affecting hardwood trees.

  • Symptoms: Brown, irregular spots on leaves, leaf curling, and premature leaf drop.
  • Trees Affected: Maple, ash, and oak.

Management of anthracnose:

  • Prune and destroy infected branches
  • Improve air circulation by thinning the canopy
  • Apply fungicides in early spring before bud break

Example from the field: In Oak Bay, we treated a maple tree with blackened veins on its leaves following a particularly wet spring—textbook anthracnose symptoms.

2. Cytospora Canker

This disease infects stressed or weakened trees, creating sunken cankers on the bark and eventually killing branches.

  • Symptoms: Discoloured patches on bark that ooze resin; dead branches are common.
  • Trees Affected: Poplar and willow trees.

This year we cared for a poplar tree with resinous cankers and numerous dead limbs, helping to halt the spread through targeted pruning.

3. Root Rot (Armillaria)

A destructive disease caused by soil-borne fungi, root rot attacks a tree’s root system, often leading to structural instability.

  • Symptoms: Yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and mushrooms (commonly honey-colored) at the base.
  • Trees Affected: Cedar, hemlock, and fir.

Management of Root Rot:

  • Improve soil drainage
  • Avoid overwatering
  • In severe cases, remove the tree and treat the soil before replanting

Root rot is common and we get calls to deal with this regularly. At a home recently we addressed a cedar tree in Langford that exhibited weakened branches and clusters of mushrooms—a clear sign of root rot. We recommended soil treatments and selective tree removal to protect nearby healthy trees.

4. Powdery Mildew

This fungal disease is most recognizable by its white, powdery coating on leaves, which can weaken a tree over time.

  • Symptoms: A powdery white film on leaves, often in late summer or during humid conditions.
  • Trees Affected: Dogwoods, oaks, and crabapples.

Management of Powdery Mildew:

  • Prune to improve air circulation
  • Water at the base of the tree to keep foliage dry
  • Apply fungicides in severe cases

We dealt with a dogwood which had its leaves covered in a thick white layer. We pruned infected areas and advised better spacing to improve airflow around the tree.

How to Identify Tree Diseases

Regular monitoring is key to early detection. Look for:

  • Discoloured Leaves: Spots, streaks, or early leaf loss.
  • Unusual Growths: Galls, cankers, or fungi.
  • Branch Dieback: Dead or wilting branches.
  • Root Issues: Unstable leaning and soil disturbance at the base.

If symptoms persist or worsen, consult an arborist for a professional diagnosis. Our team at Advantage Tree Care offers comprehensive tree health inspections to accurately diagnose and address such issues.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing disease is more effective than treating it. Consider the following:

  • Choose Resistant Species: Most wont be in a position to choose their trees species, but if you are seek to plant trees that are less prone to local diseases. For example, Douglas fir is more resistant to root rot than cedar.
  • Proper Pruning: We all know pruning is a delicate task. Prune during dry weather to reduce infection risk. Ensure tools are sanitized between cuts to prevent pathogen spread. Learn more about pruning techniques.
  • Mulching and Watering: Apply mulch around trees, keeping it away from the trunk. Water deeply to avoid stress, especially during dry periods.

How to treat tree diseases

First, remove and destroy infected branches to prevent spread. Then try applying appropriate fungicides for manageable issues like powdery mildew.

In severe cases, such as root rot, may require systemic fungicides or tree injections administered by an arborist.

For highly infected or hazardous trees, removal may be necessary to protect nearby plants and structures. Our tree removal services ensure safe and efficient handling of such situations.

Parting words

It’s important to note that urban trees often face unique stressors that can make them more susceptible to disease. Factors such as soil compaction, limited root space, and exposure to pollutants can weaken trees, making early detection and proper care even more crucial in city environments.

I always emphasizes the importance of regular inspections and proactive care. By identifying these diseases early, we can often implement management strategies that save trees and preserve Victoria’s urban forest. Remember, if you notice any unusual symptoms in your trees, it’s best to consult with a professional arborist promptly to ensure the health and longevity of your urban greenery

Need support?

If you don’t have the time to investigate the issues yourself. We can assist. At Advantage Tree Care, our ISA Certified Arborists are equipped to handle complex tree health issues with expertise and care.

16 Tree Care Tips for Homeowners Ahead of Winter


With the cold and rainy season fast approaching the arborists are Advantage Tree Care share some of our knowledge on how to best protect your trees this winter.

Of course DIY tree care is totally amazing, and we always love to support homeowners who wish to tackle this themselves. However, we just want to express a reminder in ensuring safety, both for yourself and your trees. If anything feels like a bit too tricky, give your local tree services pros a call.

So here we go. 16 awesome tips as well as 2 expert insights.

Pruning a tree close to a house

Winter Tree Care Tips for your Property

If we strip it back to basics, what is it that trees need to survive and thrive?
Sunlight, water, nutrients, and air (carbon dioxide).

While some of the below tips will address these fundamentals parts of tree growth, we also offer tips to help in harsher environmental conditions.

  1. Inspect your trees: monitor for anything out of the ordinary. Premature leaf drop on deciduous trees, leaves with brown edges (leaf scorch), noticeable dead patches on large conifers (result of drought)
  2. Mulching: Think of mulch as a cozy blanket for the tree’s roots. Great for helping trees to retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and prevent weed growth. Ensure you don’t pile the mulch against the trunk; leave a gap to prevent rot and pests.
  3. Watering: Trees still need water in winter, especially young ones. Our recommendation is to Water Deeply and Infrequently. Water them during dry spells, but avoid watering when the soil is frozen or when temperatures are extremely low.
  4. PruningPruning is like a haircut for trees. It helps them grow better and look good. Dead or weakened branches should be removed to prevent them from breaking under the weight of snow or ice. This also directs energy to the healthier parts of the tree.
  5. Winter Wrapping: Especially for young trees, consider using a tree wrap, or white tree guards to protect them from frost, sunscald, and pests. Remove the wraps in spring to allow the tree to breathe.
  6. Guarding Against Frostbite – Young and newly planted trees are especially vulnerable. Use frost cloths or burlap to protect them during frosty nights.
  7. Protection from Wildlife: Small mammals like rabbits or rodents may chew on tree bark in winter when food is scarce. Protect trees with physical barriers, such as wire mesh, around the base of the trunk.
  8. Battling Winter Sunscald – This happens when the tree’s bark gets warm from the winter sun and then rapidly cools down at night, causing damage. Protective tree wraps can help.
  9. Fighting Winterburn – Winterburn is when needles or tree tips turn from green to brown. Wrapping, fertilizer, and hydration are good tree care practices to prevent it.
  10. Storm Damage and Hazardous Trees – Following a windstorm take a walk around your yard to look for any hazardous limbs. Inspect power lines, branches in close proximity to your home, and trees above sidewalks in front of your property.
  11. Avoid Salt Damage: If you use de-icing salts on nearby pathways, be mindful that runoff can harm trees. Opt for tree-friendly de-icing products or create a barrier to protect the tree’s root zone from salt exposure.
  12. Tree Stability: Check the stability of larger trees, especially those that have shown signs of leaning or have large, heavy branches. Snow and ice accumulation can cause these branches to break. Gently remove heavy snow from branches within reach to reduce pressure on that limb.
  13. Inspection of Roots and Soil: Examine the area around the tree roots for signs of erosion or soil compaction. These can affect a tree’s ability to absorb water and nutrients. Aeration might be necessary to improve soil conditions.
  14. Monitoring for Frost Heave: In areas where the ground freezes and thaws, watch for frost heave, which can disrupt the root system of young trees. Gently tamp down any raised soil.
  15. Fertilization: While heavy fertilization is generally not recommended in the fall, a mild, slow-release fertilizer can help some species prepare for the winter. However, this should be done based on specific tree species requirements.
  16. Professional Health Checks: If you notice something strange with your trees, it’s always good to consult with an arborist. They’ll be able to tell you if the issue is benign, or needs to be addressed.

Expert insights for effective winter tree care maintenance

Expert Insight #1: Inspect your trees

Take a walk around your garden. Look for signs of damage, pests, or diseases. Early detection is key, and absolutely critical for tree care management.  

After a dry summer and drought there are noticeable dead patches on many large conifers around the Victoria and neighbouring communities. 

On your own property you also may notice a few of your deciduous trees shedding leaves earlier than usual. And also some with brown edges on the leaves. The brown edges are indicative of leaf scorch, and premature leaf drop can indeed be a drought response. Trees drop leaves as a mechanism to reduce water loss through transpiration. It’s their way of conserving the little water they have. 

When a large number of leaves are harmed, the tree struggles to harness the necessary energy from the sun. This impacts the plant’s capacity to generate its own energy. This energy is vital for the tree’s growth and its ability to ward off illnesses.

Expert Insight #2: Prune Strategically

Dead or weakened branches should be removed to prevent them from breaking under the weight of snow or ice. An added benefit of this is that it also directs energy to the healthier parts of the tree and this reduces the risk of pest infestations or diseaseDIY pruning has it’s challenges, makes sure read our post about it before you embark on a new years tree pruning mission yourself.

Hand-pruners-being-used-to-prune-fruit-tree

When to Prune: Pruning can happen at different points during the season, and it can depend on your tree species. For one, it can be a good time to prune a tree in the height of the growing season (after the rising Spring sap). At this point in the growing season the tree is at its maximum growth point and will be able to tolerate pruning. The next best time to prune is late fall and early winter because trees are dormant (i.e. they don’t consume energy and will have stopped growing until the following springtime). You’d need to find out more information about the trees on your property to determine best season for pruning.

How to Prune: Use sharp tools, make clean cuts, and avoid tearing the bark. Remember, always prune with a purpose, like removing dead branches or shaping the tree.

See related: 5 important things to know about tree pruning season

That’s a wrap.

Looking at the bigger picture, we won’t really know the extent of the damage to our trees until next spring, as we often see delayed mortality associated with drought and extreme summer weather. Unfortunately some of our epic Western red cedars are going to disappear from the area within the next 20 years, the drought is killing them off. 

So the onus is on us to take care of our trees, especially with changing weather patterns. With proper care, attention, and love, your trees will not just survive but thrive as they head into a new spring. If you have any more questions or concerns as we head into winter, don’t hesitate to reach out and speak with a tree care professional. For all your tree services needs in Victoria, Oak Bay, Saanich, Sidney, and Langford, contact Advantage Tree Care today to schedule a Free onsite inspection.

What exactly is tree topping? And is it bad for your trees?

Tree topping, often referred to as “heading,” “tipping,” or “rounding over,” is a controversial pruning practice that involves cutting tree branches to stubs or to the trunk without regard for the tree’s natural structure. This method is sometimes used in an attempt to reduce the size of a tree, often for utility clearance, to reduce the risk of storm damage, or to obtain a particular aesthetic appearance. 

This practice is surrounded by myths and misconceptions, leading to confusion among homeowners. So we hope to clear up a few things about tree topping in this post, and help you understand what tree care solutions are the the most appropriate.

First, let’s clarify a few things misconceptions

Distinction Between Topping and Canopy Reduction

“Topping” in the traditional sense, can be characterized by indiscriminate large cuts. But “canopy reduction and risk mitigation”, emphasizing targeted, thoughtful pruning aimed at reducing risk without the detrimental impacts associated with topping.

Practicality of Heading Cuts in Certain Situations

“Heading cuts” (reducing the length of branches) can be practical and a good approach for mitigating risk in specific situations, as long as they’re done with consideration to the tree’s health and future growth.

Client Consultation and Risk Management

The importance of consulting with the client to discuss options for risk mitigation is highlighted. It shows a tailored approach to tree management, where the homeowner is informed of the risks and potential outcomes before deciding on a course of action. There’s room for professional judgment and variability in practices, depending on the situation and desired outcomes.

Learn more about tree assessment and inspection services.

Tree topping is widely considered harmful for several reasons

  1. Stress to the Tree: Topping can remove 50-100% of the leaf-bearing crown of a tree. Leaves are essential for photosynthesis, which is how trees produce the food necessary for their growth and health. Removing a large portion of leaves suddenly stresses the tree, forcing it to use its reserved energy to produce new growth.
  2. Vulnerability to Pests and Disease: The large, open wounds created by topping cuts are difficult for trees to heal. These wounds expose the tree’s inner tissues to pests and diseases, potentially leading to further damage or even death of the tree.
  3. Weak Regrowth: The new branches that grow in place of the topped branches are often weakly attached to the tree. These branches are more prone to breaking off, especially during high winds or storms, posing a risk to safety and property.
  4. Ugly and Unnatural Appearance: Topped trees often appear disfigured and unsightly. The natural shape of the tree is lost, and it may never fully recover its former beauty.

What else is important to know about Tree Topping?

There are a few other things to take into consideration.

  • Long-Term Costs: While topping might seem like a quick fix to reduce the size of a tree or clear branches from power lines, it can lead to increased maintenance costs over time. The tree may require more frequent pruning to manage the weak, erratic growth that topping encourages.
  • Tree’s Defense Mechanism: Trees have a natural defense mechanism against injury, called compartmentalization, where they seal off wounds to protect against disease and decay. Topping cuts are often too large for the tree to effectively seal, leaving it vulnerable to pathogens and pests.
  • Stress-Induced Growth: While topping dramatically reduces a tree’s size initially, it can lead to vigorous and fast growth as the tree tries to replace its lost leaf area. This growth is not only unsightly but also weak, making the tree more hazardous in the long term.

SEE RELATED: Is DIY pruning a good idea?

Alternative Pruning Techniques

Arborist pruning oak tree

There are several pruning techniques, such as crown thinning, crown raising, and crown reduction, that can achieve homeowners’ goals without damaging the tree.

These healthier pruning techniques that can help manage the size and shape of trees without compromising their health or structural integrity. These methods include thinning, which removes some branches entirely to allow light and air to penetrate the canopy, and reduction, which shortens the length of the branches in a way that preserves the tree’s natural form and promotes healthy growth.

Benefits of Pruning and Canopy Height Reduction

There are benefits of reducing the height of a tree’s canopy in certain scenarios, particularly as a preferable alternative to tree removal. This suggests that strategic pruning can be a viable option for managing tree health and safety without resorting to more drastic measures.

Education and Communication

The importance of differentiating between harmful practices like topping and more thoughtful, strategic pruning methods is emphasized. This points to the need for educating homeowners and the public about the nuances of tree care to foster better understanding and decision-making.

Have questions about Tree Care?

For all your tree services needs in Greater Victoria, get in touch with Advantage Tree Care to arrange an onsite visit with consultation.

8 Tree Care Tips for Spring

With the arrival of spring in Victoria, BC our trees awaken from their winter dormancy, presenting a pivotal time for specialized care to ensure their health and vitality. Let’s not get too distracted by the charm of the cherry blossoms, there’s plenty other trees that need our attention!

As the lead ISA arborist at Advantage Tree Care, I’ve put together a list of eight essential care tips for homeowners, to make sure that your trees not only survive but thrive in the coming seasons.

And if you have any questions or need more information about a specific tree service, just pick up the phone. Help is one call away. 

8 Tree Care Tips for the Spring

  1. Inspection for Winter Damage: Begin with a thorough examination of your trees for any signs of winter damage or disease. Look for broken branches, trunk damage, or fungal growths that may indicate underlying health issues.
  2. Pruning with Precision: Early spring, before bud break, is ideal for pruning to remove dead, diseased, or weak limbs. Utilize proper pruning techniques to avoid unnecessary stress on the tree, focusing on maintaining the tree’s natural form and promoting healthy growth patterns.
  3. Mulching for Moisture and Nutrient Retention: Apply a fresh layer of organic mulch around the base of your trees. Ensure the mulch is not in direct contact with the trunk to prevent rot and disease. Mulch helps retain soil moisture and regulate temperature, as well as suppressing weeds.
  4. Soil Care and Fertilization: Test the soil to determine nutrient needs. In spring, a balanced, slow-release fertilizer can support vigorous growth. However, it’s crucial to tailor fertilization to the specific needs of each tree, considering local soil conditions in Victoria.
  5. Irrigation Adjustments: As the weather warms, adjust your watering schedule to meet your trees’ increased hydration needs. Employ deep-watering techniques to encourage deep root development, which is essential for drought resistance and overall health.
  6. Pest and Disease Monitoring: Early detection is key to managing pests and diseases. Familiarize yourself with common local tree health threats and inspect regularly. If you identify any concerns, consult with a professional arborist for diagnosis and treatment options.
  7. Support and Protection: For trees that have shown signs of weakness or are still establishing, consider the use of support stakes or guards against pests and mechanical damage. Properly installed, these supports can prevent structural damage and promote healthy growth.
  8. Arborist Consultation for Advanced Care: For specialized care or any concerns that arise during your spring inspection, seeking advice from a certified arborist is invaluable. At Advantage Tree Care, we’re equipped to address complex tree health issues, offering services from pruning to pest management tailored to the unique ecosystems of Victoria, BC.

Final Thoughts

Remember, each tree has its own set of requirements based on its species, age, and the conditions of its environment. By following these tips and employing a thoughtful approach to tree care, you’re not just maintaining your landscape; you’re investing in the future health and beauty of your property.

For any questions or to schedule a consultation, don’t hesitate to reach out and speak with a tree care professional. Advantage Tree Care serves all of Greater Victoria with reliable and affordable tree services including pruning, removals, tree health assessments, emergency tree work, & more.

Liked this post? Check out some other tree care resources

Is DIY tree pruning a good idea?

“I’m thinking about pruning a few branches from my oak tree. I plan to watch some DIY tree pruning videos YouTube and then give it a go. Is this a good idea? Is this risky?

If you’re pretty handy on the tools, sure why not! 

DIY tree pruning can be suitable for specific situations. Many homeowners in the Victoria area will choose to prune trees and shrubs around their yards, but it comes with its own challenges and risks.

When your trees are slight, manageable and you’re dealing with smaller limbs, that makes it easy to grab the shears and get to work.  

But it’s when you’re dealing with bigger trees and wildly canopies, that the complexity and danger increases. Leaning, stretching, use of very old wobbly ladders, and general inexperience in those tricky scenarios too. Also some specific tree species require particular care, so unless you know about it, you might make a mistake when pruning.

Above all, safety for yourself and your property should be the main consideration when deciding whether to prune yourself, and especially if you’re dealing big trees and heavy limbs.

First, what is the purpose of Pruning?

Tree pruning has many advantages, the core reasons being to promote the general health of the tree and to reduce hazards.

Before you make any cuts, you should have a clear purpose. Are you pruning for aesthetics, to remove diseased or damaged branches, to improve the tree’s structure, or to clear away hazards? Identifying the reason will dictate how you should prune.

While you can certainly prune your trees yourself, it’s essential to weigh the risks, including potential damage to your property, injury to yourself, and long-term harm to your trees from improper pruning. Safety should be your No1 concern when aiming to tackle a heavy branches up high up in the canopy.

Dan

Pros of Tree Pruning

  1. Cost Savings – Some people cannot afford a professional arborist. By pruning your trees yourself, is an easy way to save money over hiring a pro. For instance, even trimming a small ornamental tree can save you hundreds of dollars.
  2. Convenience – You can prune your trees at your own pace and according to your schedule. This is particularly handy if you have a busy lifestyle or if you prefer to work on your garden during weekends.
  3. Learning Opportunity – Pruning your trees allows you to learn more about tree care and maintenance. Over time, you’ll become more skilled and confident, which can be a rewarding experience.

Related: Check out this other post with some more tree care maintenance tips for homeowners.

Close up of felcos pruning fruit tree

What happens when it goes wrong

It can go wrong for sure. And that’s why a professional will always be the safer, more efficient option. There is no doubt about that.

We had a recent callout to a client in Oak Bay, Victoria who was self-pruning for years. Beautiful yard with towering Cedar, Douglas firs, and a couple of Garry Oaks in there too. For the most part they did an awesome job. But then, a few really inappropriate cuts of the leading limbs in the wrong place led to a distortion and overall structural imbalance.

We could tell there was excessive pruning. They had removed too much foliage each season, which stressed the trees and reduced their ability to produce energy through photosynthesis. As well as that the tree had general structural weakness. Key structural branches had been removed, causing the trees to develop weak points and an uneven canopy. This imbalance increased the risk of branches breaking during storms.

poorly pruned tree example
This is not a real image but we just want to demonstrate a point

The Issues with DIY Pruning

We are often called in to deal with trees that have been pruned heavily, and incorrectly, and we’re tasked with trying to bring the tree back to life. Sometimes we are able to get that tree patched up and to thrive again. And other times, the damage is too severe and we are just doing some end of life management instead.

We’ve inspected 1000s of trees over the years and we see the same common pruning mistakes. These are probably the top 5 issues following inappropriate pruning.

  1. Topping
    • Topping is cutting back large branches to stubs or lateral branches not large enough to assume the terminal role.
    • Impact: This practice can lead to weakly attached branches, increased risk of decay, and a poor tree structure.
  2. Over-Pruning
    • The rule of thumb is that you should not remove more than 25% of a tree’s foliage at once.
    • Impact: This can stress the tree, reduce its energy production, and increase vulnerability to pests and diseases.
  3. Flush Cuts
    • This is when you cut branches flush with the trunk or main stem, removing the branch collar.
    • Impact: This removes the tree’s natural defence zone, leading to slower healing and increased risk of infection.
  4. Lion’s Tailing
    • Lion’s tailing is removing an excessive number of inner branches, leaving foliage only at the ends of branches (makes the tree’s limbs look like a lion’s tail)
    • Impact: This creates an unbalanced tree structure, increases the risk of branch failure, and can cause sunscald.
  5. Improper Tool Use
    • Using dull or inappropriate tools can also lead to unnecessary harm for the tree.
    • Impact: This can cause ragged cuts that take longer to heal and increase the risk of disease.
Arborist pruning oak tree

ATC’s 4 Rules for Successful DIY Pruning

We asked our senior arborists for some ideas to share with you guys, to help you understand if DIY pruning is the right way to go.

#1 Understand the Basics

Collar and Branch Bark Ridge

When pruning, you should be familiar with the ‘branch collar’ and the ‘branch bark ridge.’ These are natural protective zones on the tree. Always avoid cutting into them to ensure optimal wound closure or compartmentalization of dead tissue. You might hear an arborist say.. ”trees don’t heal, they seal!”

Heading vs Thinning

Also known as Branch Reduction vs. Branch Removal. Reductions involve cutting a branch back to a smaller branch, which should be at least one-third the diameter of the branch being reduced. This is done to redirect growth, manage weight on the end of a branch, or to achieve specific clearance objectives. Branch removal, on the other hand, entails completely removing the branch, typically at its point of attachment. Both techniques can be used to achieve similar objectives or purposes in pruning, but they avoid making larger cuts. For this reason, reductions are generally preferred.

Source: Illustration of Reasons to Prune Trees (red branches are to be removed) Credit: Don Wittig, former UME Master Gardener

#2 Tools of the Trade

Ensure that your tools are sharp, clean, and in good working condition before starting the pruning process. Here’s a list of essential tree pruning tools:

  • Pruning Shears: Ideal for small branches and twigs.
  • Lopping Shears: Designed for thicker branches, providing more leverage.
  • Pruning Saw: Suitable for branches too thick for shears.
  • Pole Pruner: For higher branches, offers extended reach
Hand-pruners-being-used-to-prune-fruit-tree
Epicormic growth pruning of fruit tree

#3 Safety First

There’s a bit of Rocky is all of us, that sheer determination to get it done! Just make sure you prune in a safe manner.

Always prioritize safety by using proper gear, ensuring stable footing, and avoiding work near power lines. If a branch is high up, over a structure, near a power line, or if it requires the use of a ladder, it’s best to call a professional. These scenarios carry additional risk and should be avoided where possible.

Tree Pruning

#4 Prune at the Right Time

Pruning trees at the right time is crucial for their health and growth. Generally, late winter to early spring is ideal for most trees because they are still dormant, which minimizes stress and the risk of disease. For instance, pruning apple trees in early spring helps prevent the spread of diseases like fire blight, while maple trees benefit from being pruned before the sap starts flowing.

Deciduous trees are best pruned during dormancy, as this reduces the risk of disease and stress. However, there are exceptions; for example, oaks should be pruned in the coldest months to prevent oak wilt. Young trees should be pruned at the end of summer to shape their structural development, minimizing new growth in response to pruning cuts.

Summer pruning is also acceptable, as trees are resilient and have already used much of their energy for spring growth. This reduces the risk of excessive sap loss or “bleeding.” For example, light pruning of fruit trees in summer can help manage growth and improve fruit quality without stressing the tree.

See related post: 5 important things to know about tree pruning season

#5 Learn how to make proper cuts

Here is a great illustration of what a good pruning cut looks like.

tree pruning - where and how to cut

What’s the verdict on DIY pruning?

If you’re handy and got the gusto for it, then go for it. 

Many homeowners prune their trees and shrubs as part of ongoing maintenance in their yard. The sheer size of your trees is the biggest factor, so don’t try take on the big guys without some support.

Play it safe, don’t be a hero. Call for help if you need it. 🙂

Good luck!


When to hire a professional for your pruning needs?

For small trees or shrubs and straightforward tasks, DIY pruning can be feasible if you educate yourself and use the right tools. However, for larger trees, complicated situations, or if you’re unsure, it’s always best to hire a Certified Arborist. The Advantage Tree Care team is trained to recognize hazards, diseases, and structural issues, and we have the equipment and expertise to handle the job safely and effectively. 

Remember, a poorly pruned tree can take years to recover, and mistakes can sometimes be irreversible. Trees are a long-term investment in our environment and property. Whether you choose to prune yourself or hire a professional, always prioritize the health and safety of the tree and its surroundings.

Get information about our tree pruning services here.

Having your trees pruned by an Arborist – what can you expect?

When you have your tree pruned by a certified arborist you benefit on multiple levels, most importantly;

  • Tree health is maintained
  • On-going maintenance costs are reduced
  • The tree’s natural shape and aesthetics are preserved
  • And, we’ve got all the right safety gear 🙂

At Advantage Tree Care, we pride ourselves in the highest quality craftsmanship when it comes to pruning trees and tree care. Get in touch and tell us about your tree pruning needs. 

It’s Tree Pruning Season: Here are 5 Things You Need to Know

Tree pruning is essential for the health, beauty, and safety of your trees. As tree pruning season approaches, it’s crucial to understand the best practices to ensure the longevity and vitality of your trees. Here are five essential things you need to know about getting your trees in prime condition for the upcoming season.

Why Do We Bother Tree Pruning?

Tree pruning isn’t just about aesthetics; it’s a vital part of tree health and maintenance. Proper pruning can help in many ways including:

  • Encourages healthy growth and structure.
  • Reduces risks posed by falling branches.
  • Helps in disease prevention by removing affected limbs.
  • Improves airflow through the tree canopy
  • Enhances the overall appearance of the tree.

Pruning is also a great alternative to tree removal. Often homeowners think removing a tree is the only course of action, where in fact we can use some creative pruning strategies to save the tree and give the homeowner what they want at the same time (more light, less risk)

Understanding the benefits of pruning can motivate tree owners to take this process seriously and invest in it regularly. We’ve already talked about the main advantages of pruning trees in a previous post, which is worth a read if you’re looking to learn more about pruning. 

Best Time to Prune

While you might think tree pruning can be done at any time of the year, timing matters. The late winter to early spring period is often ideal because:

  • Trees are dormant, and therefore don’t “bleed water and nutrients” when cut reducing the risk of pest attraction.
  • Wounds from cuts heal faster as the growing season starts, limiting disease exposure.
  • There are fewer pests and diseases present at this time of year
  • OR less leaves on the tree reduces the amount of weight arborists need to handle 

However, it is ok to prune in summer at the height of the growing season the trees are resilient and have used their energy for spring growth so there’s less chance of them “bleeding”. Emergency pruning due to damage or safety concerns can be done regardless of the season. It is also worth noting that some fruit tree pruning occurs at specific times of year.

Tools of the Trade

If you’re planning for some DIY tree pruning this spring, using the right tools is crucial for efficient and safe pruning. Here’s a list of essential tree pruning tools:

  • Pruning Shears: Ideal for small branches and twigs.
  • Lopping Shears: Designed for thicker branches, providing more leverage.
  • Pruning Saw: Suitable for branches too thick for shears.
  • Pole Pruner: For higher branches, offers extended reach

Ensure that your tools are sharp, clean, and in good working condition before starting the pruning process.

Techniques for Effective Pruning

To make the most out of your pruning efforts, keep in mind the following techniques:

  • Thinning Out: Removing Branches to open up the tree and let light and air filter throughout.
  • Raising: Removing lower branches to make way for pedestrians or vehicles.
  • Reduction: Reducing the height or spread of a tree for clearance.

By mastering these techniques, you can ensure that your trees are not just pruned, but pruned effectively for their long-term health and beauty.

Ensuring Safety When Pruning

Tree pruning

Tree pruning, especially for tall trees, can be risky. Here’s how to ensure safety during the process:

  • Always wear protective gear like gloves, safety glasses, and hard hats.
  • Avoid pruning near power lines.
  • Never prune in adverse weather conditions. 
  • If you need to use a ladder then likely the tree is too tall. You should consider hiring a professional tree service company who has the correct gear to safely access the tree.

The Verdict on Pruning?

Tree pruning is both an art and a science. When done correctly, it ensures that trees remain healthy, safe, and aesthetically pleasing. As tree pruning season approaches, remember the importance of timing, the right tools, effective techniques, and safety. Armed with this knowledge, you’re ready to give your trees the care they deserve.

Liked this post and looking for more tree care tips?

Check out our other post 5 tree care tips for homeowners.

Need assistance?

If you’re in need of help with pruning, tree removals, or tree health assessments in the Greater Victoria area, go check out ATC’s tree services, or give us a call if you’ve got any questions. 

How to Handle Tree Suckers

Does it seem like your tree is spawning alien offshoots? You’re not alone! Those sprouts growing around the base or along the branches of your tree are known as tree suckers. They’re sneaky little growths that can sap your tree’s energy and make it look less appealing. This article will guide you on how to handle these invaders, ensuring your tree remains healthy and attractive.

What Do They Look Like?

Tree suckers usually have a different appearance from the rest of the tree. They grow rapidly and have a ‘whippy’ growth habit, with leaves often smaller than those on the rest of the tree. 

Tree suckers, often emerging from the tree base or roots, grow more rapidly and haphazardly than regular branches. They have distinct features like smaller, lighter-colored leaves and slender, flexible branches. They may lack buds or flowers, or have lesser-quality ones if present. Notably, unlike the rest of the tree, suckers can sprout anytime, not adhering to the standard seasonal growth pattern.

Tree sucker

NOTE: Suckers found higher up on the tree are called watersprouts. Watersprouts are shoots that spring up from the branches or trunk of the tree. Like suckers, they can grow rapidly and absorb a disproportionate amount of the tree’s nutrients, and usually sprout from the site of an injury, like a pruning wound, a crack or some other damage.

Causes of Tree Suckers

This article perfectly explains why trees can become stressed and sprout suckers. They refer to the “hell strip”, which is the strip of grass or garden between the street and the sidewalk. This strip is often a very stressful place for a tree to grow, with poor soil that is flanked by concrete.

The soil gets compacted from the pressure on the paved surfaces, and the concrete generates a lot of additional heat. Trees that have been growing in the hell strip will not thrive and produce as well as their counterparts in healthy soil with ample room for roots. These trees will often have more diseases and pests, and they send up suckers as a response to the stress they are under.

Makes sense, doesn’t it? 

Learn more about the common tree diseases

Other causes of tree suckers

  1. Stress or Damage: As well as their environment we just mentioned, trees can experience stress due to factors such as drought, harsh weather conditions, soil compacting, or disease, and can react by producing tree suckers. 
  2. Improper Pruning: Pruning is an art and if done incorrectly or excessively, it can stimulate the growth of tree suckers. In other words, if you prune too much or at the wrong time, the tree might react by growing suckers.
  3. Grafting: In cases where a tree has been grafted, the rootstock (the part of the graft that provides the root system) can sometimes produce suckers. Grafted trees need special attention to prevent sucker growth.
  4. Poor Health: A tree in poor health is more likely to produce suckers. Lack of nutrients, inadequate sunlight, or the presence of pests and diseases can all lead to poor health and consequently, the emergence of tree suckers.
  5. Old Age: Older trees are more prone to stress, making them more likely to produce suckers.
  6. Certain Tree Species: Some tree species are just more prone to producing suckers than others. 
tree sucker

Reasons Not to Ignore Your Tree Suckers

Energy Drain from the Tree: Tree suckers can be compared to energy vampires. They drain the tree of its nutrients, leaving less for the growth and health of the main tree. Over time, this can lead to reduced growth, poor health, and even premature death of the tree.

Unwanted Growth and Appearance: A tree littered with suckers can lose its natural beauty and symmetry. The suckers often grow haphazardly, making the tree look unruly and unkempt. 

Increased Susceptibility to Diseases and Pests: Suckers, with their fast and often weak growth, can be more prone to diseases and pests. Once a disease or pest establishes itself on a sucker, it can spread to the rest of the tree.

Undermining Grafts: If your tree is grafted (one variety of tree joined with the root system of another), suckers can emerge from the rootstock and take over the tree, resulting in the loss of the desired variety. It’s like an unwelcome guest taking over your house!

SEE Related: What are the main advantages of pruning trees

Preventing the Growth of Tree Suckers

Remember, prevention is always better than cure. Taking these steps can go a long way in preventing the growth of tree suckers, helping to keep your trees healthy and beautiful.

  1. Proper Mulching: Mulching helps to regulate soil temperature and retain moisture, reducing the stress on the tree. Mulching should be done with organic material such as wood chips, and it should not be piled up against the trunk. Think of it as a blanket for the tree’s roots – it provides comfort and protection, reducing the tree’s likelihood of producing suckers.
  2. Avoid Over-Fertilizing: While fertilization is good, over-fertilization, especially with high-nitrogen fertilizers, can stimulate excessive and weak growth, leading to the development of suckers. Remember, it’s about balance. Too much of a good thing can sometimes be harmful!
  3. Regular Tree Inspection: Regularly inspect your trees for signs of stress or damage. If wounds are identified early, they can be treated before the tree responds by producing suckers. Think of it as a regular check-up, like the ones we have with our doctor to stay ahead of any health issues.
  4. Avoid Damaging Tree Roots: When landscaping or gardening around trees, avoid damaging the tree’s roots as this can stimulate sucker growth. If you’re digging a new flower bed, for example, be mindful of the tree’s roots. Treat them with the same care as you would the branches and leaves above ground.
  5. Proper Watering Techniques: Trees should be watered deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can stress the tree and stimulate the growth of suckers. Imagine how you’d feel if you were constantly overfed – uncomfortable, right? It’s the same for trees.
  6. Use of Growth Regulators: If a tree is particularly prone to sucker growth, consider using a growth regulator. These products can help control and reduce sucker growth, but should be used judiciously and in accordance with their instructions to avoid any adverse effects.

Each tree is unique and what works best may vary, but these strategies can help in reducing the likelihood of tree sucker development.

The Verdict?

Handling tree suckers might seem like a Herculean task, but with the right knowledge and techniques, it’s definitely manageable. Remember, prevention is better than cure – and this holds true for tree suckers too. 

Once you’ve dealt with the suckers, it’s crucial to maintain your tree’s health to prevent future outbreaks. Regular inspections, correct watering, and fertilization practices can go a long way. Remember, a healthy tree is a happy tree.

Looking for more tree care tips?

Check out our other post 5 tree care tips for homeowners.

Need help from our Arborists?

Learn more about ATC’s tree services.

How To Protect Your Trees From Storm Damage?

Concerned that some trees on your property might be prone to storm damage? In this article we will explain exactly what our arborists do to reduce the chance of downed trees during a storm, and also what you should do if you’re unfortunate enough to have storm damaged trees yourself.

Will BC’s prolonged dry summer mean more trees down this winter?

A dry summer, like the one we just experienced here in BC, often spells danger for property owners ahead of the fall and winter periods. Some trees might have become more brittle or formed structural defects with the lack of water and nutrients, so we recommend that you hire a tree expert for a health inspection to determine if there is any potential risk.

There are a number of strategies that arborists use to prepare ahead of the stormy season and limit the damage caused by storms. Let’s take a look.

If you have recently been hit by a storm and have trees down on your property, please refer to our emergency tree services page for assistance.

Storm damaged tree clean up
Advantage Tree Care storm damaged tree clean up in Victoria.

4 Practices Arborists use to reduce the risk of storm damage to trees

Unfortunately there is no way to completely prevent storm damage to your trees. However, by taking some preventive measures before stormy season in Victoria, you can avoid the worst of the potential damage.

Tree Inspections 

Where trees are close to people or property there is always a potential risk of damage or injury. Upon assessment of your tree(s) there are then various techniques and practices which can be used to reduce or remove the potential risk of failure, damage, or injury. If you’re worried we highly recommend a tree diagnostics and assessment be carried out.

End Weight Reduction

This applies to branches which are over-extending past the majority of the canopy edge on broadleaved and confers, and/or on conifer trees where branches are extending with a significant amount of weight on them with a surface area that can collect snow thus increasing the weight and snapping the branch – Douglas fir are particularly susceptible to this. 

This can also apply to co-dominant stems with included bark (this gives a simple idea of what’s involved) The end/top of the stems can be reduced to lower the impact of the wind sail effect – reducing the pressure on the weak union (where the included bark is). 

A cable system can also be installed to prevent the union from opening up in strong winds.

Cabling – weak unions included bark 

Cabling systems can be used to provide additional support to trees with weak unions, this method of tree care is an option in our tool box to retain (not remove) a tree. This provides an added layer of risk mitigation when considering strong stormy winds. 

There are various different cabling systems, some which are invasive – holes drilled into the stems using wire cables and non-invasive ones which wrap around the stems using soft yet strong textiles. It is important that cables are installed in a way that allows for some natural movement and sway as if installed incorrectly they can cause a weak point in the stem.

Pruning

Pruning not only helps protect your trees from common diseases, but it can also help reduce any risk of damage by storms. Having your trees properly pruned ensures that wind can blow straight through the tree’s canopy without causing damage. The danger here is that when a tree has not been properly maintained or pruned, the wind blows against the tree instead of through it, causing it to bend, snap, or if it has a weakened root system this can topple the whole tree.

Learn more: The advantages of pruning trees on your property

Emerald cedar hedges

Hedges, especially large ones are susceptible to snow damage especially where there is an ongoing build up. Emerald cedars are particularly susceptible as they have long, weak extending branches which once weighted tend to stay dropped over. We can minimize the risk of this by reducing the weaker branches, reducing the surface area for snow and in some cases we can tie parts of the hedge back giving them some additional support. 

Magnolia and other fragile trees

Magnolia trees especially the evergreen magnolia have fragile stems and huge leaves therefore very vulnerable to damage from the weight of snow. Again reducing over extending or particularly weak branches will help reduce the impact of snow damage.

What to do if you have a tree downed on your property after a storm

If you’ve got a tree down, you’re not alone. Storm damage is one of the most common reasons that homeowners need to call in a tree service.

  • Assess the area for hazards. Are their tree limbs hanging precariously about to fall? You should also check for cracks or splits in the trunk. Is the tree leaning on the home, or close to power lines? Don’t put yourself in harms way!
  • Are you insured? Contact your insurance company and see if you are covered.
  • Is it a protected tree under Tree Preservation Bylaw? Check out what trees are protected in Victoria BC
  • Take pictures of your storm damaged trees and damage to your property
  • Consult a professional before you begin removing or pruning the impacted trees. Caution is advised if using ladders and chainsaws. An Arborist will use safety techniques like cabling and bracing to secure dangerous limbs and reduce any further damage.
  • Damaged trees are not written off. Most trees have amazing capacity to recover and come back to life which a little support and TLC.
  • Have power lines been hit? If yes, keep a safe distance. Contact BC Hydro at 1-800-BCHYDRO (1-800-224-9376) if trees or branches interfering with power lines

Parting words

Victoria and the Gulf Islands are prone to annual storms which can cause significant strain on trees. Therefore, we highly recommend that post storm assessments are carried out on your trees. Even if your tree survived damage this time round it may have been weakened, so to help minimize the risk of potential future damage it is beneficial to have your trees assessed after a storm please feel free to contact us with any of your tree service needs.

Preparation and being proactive is key, like with many things in life. If you are concerned that trees on your property are fragile and might be hazardous, please give us a call. We’ll arrange an onsite visit and we’ll talk you through your options.

What equipment does an arborist use?

Before any tree work commences all equipment is maintained and checked that it is fit for purpose and each crew at Advantage Tree Care will carry out a job site safety assessment identifying the work involved, tools to be used and any specific site risks or hazards and an appropriate rescue plan in the event of an accident or emergency.

First Aid, PPE and Rescue

Along with trained first aid personnel and first aid kits, a spare rescue climbing kit goes out with each crew so that they know in the event of an emergency there is the correct equipment available and accessible for rescue.

Consulting Arborist
Team meeting before work commences

PPE – personal protective equipment 

The typical PPE equipment arborists use include;

  • helmet
  • ear protection
  • eye protection
  • chainsaw pants (link clogger)
  • boots

PPE is essential equipment for a safe and effective day at work, tree surgery is a high risk job. A lot of the machinery we use produces sound levels that without protection could cause severe hearing damage or loss. There are risks of being cut by saws, being crushed or pinned by machinery or large logs and multiple falling hazards.

Looking for tree care assistance in the Greater Victoria area? Contact us to get started. Get a Quote->

Saws & Pruners

Most of the work a climbing arborist performs involves the use of cutting tools from small hand pruners, pruning saws to top handle chainsaws and then to the large chainsaws for processing massive timber

Over the years the tools and technology has evolved and today you will see more arborists using battery powered chainsaws (link to Husqvarna website). These are for the most part more enjoyable and user friendly due to the fact that they do not produce the same level oof noise as a gas powered chainsaw and they also do not emit fumes or have a hot exhaust which can be a burn hazard for the climber.

See Related: What are the main advantages of tree pruning

Climbing equipment

In order to access a tree safely and efficiently a climber will need ropes and a harness along with other hardware to create a complete climbing set-up. There are a variety of techniques and pieces of equipment to access and move around a tree allowing the climber to make the most efficient choice depending on the tree species and whether the climber is pruning, removing or installing a cable system in a tree.

The bare essentials for climbing equipment are;

  • Climbing rope
  • Climbing harness
  • A form of Prusik (rope or mechanical) to hold the climber in position and allow them to progress up the rope (tree)
  • Carabiners to connect the climbing system together and to the climber.
  • A lanyard which is essential when making any cut within the tree as a second point of attachment to the tree for working positioning purposes and as a safety line incase the climber’s main climbing line were to be cut, thus preventing a catastrophic fall.
InTree Media arborist photo shoot for Clogger

Spurs, or no spurs

You may have seen climbers wearing spurs, spikes, climbing irons, gaffs. These are a useful piece of equipment for arborists. However, it is very important to consider that spurs puncture through the bark and cambium layers of a tree leaving multiple holes in the tree which are potential weak spots for pests or diseases to attack the tree cause poor health.

Spurs should only be used when removing a tree as in all other tree care operations it is essential to protect tree health which is where non-invasive climbing techniques are performed using ropes, ascenders and low impact climbing practices to access and move around the tree causing minimal damage.

For those of you that want a more detailed look at equipment specifics check out this article by ClimbingArborist.com

climbing spurs used by arborists

Chipper and truck

In order to manage and remove debris from the job site, a truck and chipper make for very effective and efficient tools as they can reduce down very bulk branch, wood material into much more easily manageable and transportable product which can also be reused as a mulch for gardens, yards pathways and other applications helping minimize the “waste” as a result of tree work. If you are looking for Woodchip in your area you maybe interested in an app GetChipDrop, which links residents looking for Woodchip with arborists providing Woodchip or firewood for free.

ATC technician operating woodchipper
Advantage Tree Care high quality tree service company in Victoria BC
Advantage Tree Care truck – tree service company in Victoria BC

Clean up equipment

At Advantage Tree Care, we believe that once the job is complete the way the site is left needs to have the same care and attention that the tree work received. Therefore, it is essential to have effective and efficient clean up equipment such as rakes, blowers, bin, tarps and shovels leaving your Client’s property looking clean and tidy is part of providing high quality, professional tree care services.

Need help taking down a tree on your property?

Advantage Tree Care are your local tree arborists in Greater Victoria BC. For all your tree services needs in Victoria, Saanich, Oak Bay, Langford, and Sidney, get in touch with us for a quote.